VOLTS LEARN
Practical answers for people who run and finance buildings.
Evergreen, sourced explanations of submetering, tenant billing, electricity tariffs, energy baselines and building rules - written for the decision behind the terminology.
Start with the outcome you need to understand.
Choose the decision you are facing: recover a cost, explain a bill, prove a saving or prepare for a requirement. Every guide shows its review date, evidence boundaries and next practical step.
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What is submetering - and how does a reading become a tenant charge?
Follow the full chain from the main meter and tenant submeters to common-area allocation, period close and a charge the tenant can inspect.
Read the explanation REGULATION · BULGARIABACS requirements in Bulgaria: who must comply, and when?
Separate current law from the 2026 draft, identify the capacity thresholds and list the evidence a non-residential building owner should prepare.
Check the current requirement ENERGY PERFORMANCEWhat is a weather-normalised baseline - and why does a credible saving need one?
Learn how degree days, relevant variables and model-quality checks separate operational improvement from a mild winter or changed building use.
Read the explanation ELECTRICITYkWh vs kW: what might your tariff charge?
Separate energy, measured demand, contracted capacity and reactive energy, then see which action can change each cost line.
Read the explanation SERVICE CHARGESCommon-area costs: what belongs in the pool, and how should it be split?
Match each shared cost to a documented allocation key, keep vacancy visible and give every tenant a breakdown that can be recalculated.
Read the explanation LEASESWho pays for utilities in a commercial lease?
Compare inclusive rent, landlord recharge and direct supply, then use the lease checklist that connects responsibility to meter evidence.
Read the explanationNew to utility recovery? Read these four in order.
Bring the question your building data should answer.
If the guide describes your problem, we can show the same decision on your own meters, tariffs, leases or operating records - without turning the conversation into a slide deck.