BACS in Bulgaria: know what applies now - and what may change.

One page that separates today’s Bulgarian obligation from the EU requirement and the 2026 draft - so you can identify your threshold, document the gaps and plan without buying the wrong system.

BACS REQUIREMENTS · BULGARIA · LAST REVIEWED 2 SEPTEMBER 2026

Three rule layers. One decision for your building.

The obligation depends on which rule you are reading, the building’s use and the effective rated output of its heating or cooling systems. Do not turn a proposed threshold into a current deadline.

  • Current Bulgarian law: Article 31a already covers certain public-service buildings over 250 m² whose relevant installations each exceed 290 kW, where technically possible and economically expedient.
  • EU requirement: Directive (EU) 2024/1275 sets BACS thresholds for non-residential buildings above 290 kW and, by 31 December 2029, above 70 kW, where technically and economically feasible.
  • 2026 Bulgarian draft: The consultation closed on 23 August 2026. As of 2 September 2026 it had not been adopted. Until adoption and promulgation, the draft is not law.

Read the dated draft update

The EU rule is about capability, not a vendor.

Article 13 defines what the building must be able to do. It does not prescribe a brand, a protocol or a wholesale replacement of equipment that already works.

  • Continuously monitor, log and analyse energy use - and allow it to be adjusted.
  • Benchmark performance, detect efficiency losses and inform the person responsible for the building.
  • Communicate across connected systems and equipment from different manufacturers, while monitoring indoor environmental quality as required by the recast directive.

See how Volts connects existing systems

What is already in force today.

Bulgaria’s current Energy Efficiency Law already contains a BACS obligation. It is narrower than the 2026 proposal and must be assessed against the wording that is in force - not against the draft.

  • The current scope is public-service buildings in operation with a total built-up area above 250 m².
  • Their heating or air-conditioning installations must each exceed 290 kW of effective rated output.
  • The obligation applies where technically possible and economically expedient; confirm the interpretation for your building with a qualified energy-efficiency or legal adviser.

What the draft would change if adopted.

The published proposal widens the scope and lowers the future threshold. These are planning signals, not yet a basis for claiming that every non-residential building is currently obliged.

  • Buildings above 290 kW would enter the wider non-residential scope when the amended law takes effect, subject to the feasibility qualification.
  • Buildings above 70 kW would be brought into scope by 31 December 2029, subject to the adopted wording.
  • Indoor-environment monitoring and separate automatic-lighting-control duties would join the capability and deadline picture.

The dates to plan around - without confusing draft and law.

Put each date beside its legal status. That prevents a portfolio plan built on a consultation draft from being presented as a settled compliance programme.

12 March 2021 The existing Bulgarian Article 31a obligation entered into force for its current, narrower scope.
23 August 2026 Public consultation on the amendment closed; no further legislative step had been completed as of 2 September 2026.
31 December 2029 The EU directive’s deadline for the above-70 kW non-residential tier; Bulgaria’s final transposition wording still needs to be checked when adopted.

Start with the number that decides your route.

Floor area alone does not answer the question. Ask for the effective rated output of the relevant heating, air-conditioning or combined systems, then map that figure to the building’s use and the applicable legal text.

  • Collect the manufacturer-rated outputs for every relevant heat or cooling generator serving the system.
  • Confirm with a qualified adviser how those outputs must be combined for your specific installation and legal assessment.
  • Record the result, source documents and feasibility reasoning in the building’s energy audit or investment documentation.

Check My Building

Build an evidence trail before an inspection asks for one.

The practical risk is not only a fine. It is reaching an audit or inspection without a defensible scope calculation, feasibility position or record of how the building performs.

  • Confirm the responsible authority and the inspection route that apply to your building.
  • Take legal advice on the sanction that applies before you plan around it.
  • Keep dated calculations, audit findings, system specifications and corrective actions together in one reviewable record.

Fund the outcome - not unnecessary replacement.

Begin with the compliance and performance gap, then choose the financing route. A grant is useful only if it does not force the building into more hardware than the outcome requires.

  • Check the current national and EU programmes for grant support before you budget the work.
  • Energy-efficiency loans or ESCO structures may be relevant, subject to eligibility, savings methodology and contract terms.
  • Treat any future National Decarbonisation Fund support as unavailable until an official call, budget and application route are published.

Turn uncertainty into a five-step building plan.

You do not need to predict the final law to remove the expensive unknowns. Establish the threshold, the present capability and the smallest defensible path to close the gap.

  • Confirm scope: building use, system boundaries, rated outputs and the legal text that applies on the review date.
  • Measure the gap: monitoring, logging, benchmarking, alerts, interoperability, control and indoor-environment data.
  • Plan the route: reuse working assets, price only what is missing, document feasibility and assign an owner and deadline.

Close operational gaps without claiming certification.

Volts can help connect existing meters and systems, add missing data and turn findings into controlled workflows. Whether a building complies remains a building-specific legal and technical assessment.

  • Connect compatible meters, BMS and control equipment across supported protocols and expose the missing readings.
  • Monitor, benchmark and surface losses or abnormal operation to the people responsible for the site.
  • Add approved schedules and actions with permissions and an audit trail - without presenting Volts as the authority that certifies compliance.

See building automation and control

Eight questions to answer before you approve a project.

Is BACS already mandatory in Bulgaria?

Yes, for the narrower category defined in the current Energy Efficiency Law. The proposed extension to a wider range of non-residential buildings remains a draft until adopted and promulgated.

My building is around 100 kW. What is my deadline?

The EU directive sets 31 December 2029 for non-residential buildings above 70 kW, where technically and economically feasible. Your Bulgarian obligation depends on the national wording in force at the time; confirm the system boundary and final transposition before fixing a compliance date.

Does our existing BMS count?

It may cover part or all of the requirement if it delivers the required capabilities. Assess monitoring, logging, analysis, adjustment, benchmarking, loss notification, interoperability and indoor-environment monitoring - not the label on the front of the system.

What does “technically and economically feasible” mean for our building?

It requires a building-specific, documented assessment.

How is the 70 kW or 290 kW threshold calculated?

Start from the effective rated output of the relevant heating, air-conditioning or combined system. Have a qualified adviser confirm which generators and systems must be aggregated for your exact installation.

Are automatic lighting controls part of the same deadline?

They are a separate requirement in Article 13 of the recast directive: above 290 kW by 31 December 2027 and above 70 kW by 31 December 2029, where technically and economically feasible. Check the final Bulgarian transposition before treating those dates as national-law wording.

What is the penalty for non-compliance?

Take legal advice on the enforcement route and sanction that apply to your building. We do not publish a penalty figure.

Can Volts certify that our building complies?

No. Volts can provide data, integrations, monitoring and controlled workflows that support the technical case. Compliance must be assessed and signed off by the competent qualified professionals under the applicable Bulgarian rules.

Read the rule at its source.

This page is legal information, not legal advice. Review the current official text and obtain building-specific advice before making a compliance or investment decision.

From the requirement to the building plan.

Use the regulatory update for the dated picture, then move to the practical pages that show how existing systems can be connected and controlled.

Read the 2026 Bulgarian draft update

See how we deploy

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Find your threshold. Then price only the gap.

Bring the building type, heating and cooling system outputs, and anything already installed. An engineer will help map the known facts, flag what still needs professional confirmation and scope the smallest sensible first step.